BROILER CULTIVATION

BROILER CULTIVATION






1. BRIEF HISTORY

Broiler called broilers, which is a kind of superior hybrid race of chicken nations that have high productivity power, especially in the production of chicken meat. Actually the new broiler is popular in Indonesia since the 1980s which proclaimed authority panggalakan ruminant meat consumption, which at that time more difficult existence. Up to now been known broiler Indonesian people with various strengths. Only 5-6 weeks can be harvested. By the time the maintenance of a relatively short and profitable, so many new breeders and seasoned breeders are popping up in various parts of Indonesia.

2. FISHERIES CENTER

Chicken has been developed very rapidly in every state. In Indonesia, efforts broiler chickens have also found almost every province

3. TYPE

With various strains of broiler chickens that had been circulating in the market, farmers do not have to worry in determining choice. For all types of strains that have been circulating a relative productivity sama.Artinya power if there is a difference, the difference is not striking or very small. Strain choice in determining what will be maintained, the farmer may request a list of seed productivity or performance is sold in Poultry Shoup. The type strains of broiler that many on the market are: Super 77, 70 Tegel, ISA, Kim Cross, Lohman 202, Hyline, Vdett, Missouri, Hubbard, Shaver Starbro, Pilch, Yabro, Goto, arcres Arbor, Tatum, Indian river, Hybro, Cornish, Brahma, Langshans, Hypeco-Broiler, Ross, Marshall "m", Euribrid, AA 70, H & N, Sussex, Bromo, CP 707.

4. BENEFITS

Benefits of broiler breeding, among others, include:
Animal protein needs
1.profision Time period
2.filler retirement
3.education and training (training) skills among adolescents
4.savings in the old days
5.sufficien family needs (profit motive)

5. LOCATION REQUIREMENTS

1.Location far enough from the hustle / housing residents.
2.Location easily reached from the marketing centers.
Are elected 3.Location settled, meaning not easily distracted by other needs in addition to farm.

6. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION

Before the breeding effort started, a farmer must understand the 3 (three) elements of production are: management (farm management), breeding (breeding) and feeding (forage / feed)
1.preparation Facilities and Equipment
1.Perkandangan
Perkandangan system ideal for poultry business races include:
temperature conditions ranging from 32,2-35 degrees C,
humidity ranged between 60-70%, lighting / heating cage in accordance with existing rules,
the layout of the cage to get the morning sun and not against the wind directions, the stable model tailored to the age of chicken,
for the chicks until the age of 2 weeks or 1 month of using the stable box, for chicken adolescents ± 1 month to 2 or 3 months using a raised cage box and to be with adult chicken cage cage or postal bateray.
For cage construction does not have the expensive material, an important strong, clean and durable.
2.Tools
Litter (floor mats)
Alas floor / litter to dry, then there is no leaky roofs and rainwater entering no wind though. Thickness 10 cm high litter, litter materials used a mixture of bran / husk with a little lime and sand sufficiently, or wood shavings result length between 3-5 cm to substitute bran / husk.
masters or brooder
This tool circular or rectangular with an area coverage of 1-3 m with a heater in the middle. Functions like a hen that warms the child when the newly hatched chicken.
Perch (if necessary)
Perches to place of rest / sleep, created by the wall and cultivated dirt that falls to the floor easy to clean from the outside. Created closed to avoid the wind and it's lower than the egg-laying.
Places to eat, drink and the grit
Places to eat and drink should be available sufficient, the material of bamboo, aluminum, or anything that strong and does not leak nor rust. For the grits with a special box
Routine equipment
Routine equipment including medical devices such as chicken: injections, operating scissors, a knife cut a small operation, and others.
2.Nurseries
Domesticated livestock must meet the following requirements:
1.livestock healthy and not on physical disabilities
2.Growth and normal development
3.livestock come from nurseries known advantages.
4.Nothing feces in the anus coherency
1.Seed selection and candidate master
There are some technical guidelines to select seeds / DOC (Day OldChicken) / day of chicken age:
Chicks (DOC) derived from a healthy parent.
Fur smooth and good management and growth.
There were no defects in the body.
Mempunyak chicks a good appetite.
Normal body size, body weight between 35-40 grams.
Nothing Lay diduburnya feces.
Seeds and 2.Perawatan Candidate Master
Done every time, if there are symptoms of disorder in cattle that are immediately given special attention and given medication as directed local farming office or veterinarian in charge of the region concerned.



3.Maintenance
1.Gift Feed and Beverages
For feeding broiler chicken is 2 (two) phases of the starter phase (age 0-4 weeks) and finisher phase (age 4-6 weeks).
and quantity of feed a.Kualitas starter phase is as follows:
quality or nutrient content of feed consisting of 22-24% protein, 2.5% fat, crude fiber 4%, Calcium (Ca) 1%, Phospor (P) 0,7-0,9%, 2800-3500 Kcal ME .
quantity of feed divided / grouped into 4 (four) the first week of classes (age 1-7 days) 17 grams / day / head, the second week (age 8-14 days) 43 grams / day / fish, week 3 (age 15-21 days) 66 grams / day / fish and week 4 (age 22-29 days) 91 grams / day per head. So the amount of feed required per tail until the age of 4 weeks of 1520 grams.
and quantity of feed b.Kualitas finisher phase is as follows:
quality or nutrient content of feed consisting of protein 18,1-21,2%; fat 2.5%, 4.5% crude fiber, calcium (Ca) 1%, Phospor (P) 0,7-0,9% and energy (ME) 2900-3400 Kcal.
quantity of feed divided / grouped in four age groups are:
week 5 (age 30-36 days) 111 grams / day / head,
week 6 (age 37-43 days) 129 grams / day / head,
week 7 (age 44-50 days) 146 grams / day / fish and
week 8 (age 51-57 days) 161 grams / day per head.
So the total amount of feed per cow at the age of 30-57 days was 3829 grams.
Providing drinking age adjusted to the view that chickens are grouped in 2 (two) phases, namely:
a.Fase starter (age 1-29 days), drinking water needs subdivided each week, ie 1 week (1-7 days) 1.8 lliter/hari/100 tail; week 2 (8 -14 days) 3.1 liter/hari/100 tail, week 3 (15-21 days) 4.5 liter/hari/100 tail and week 4 (22-29 days) 7.7 liters / day / tail. So the amount of water needed to drink until the age of 4 weeks was 122.6 liter/100 tails. Provision of drinking water on the first day of added sugar should be given anti-stress and drugs into drinking water. Given the number of sugar is 50 grams / liter of water.
b.Fase finisher (30-57 days old), are clustered in each week is week 5 (30-36 days) 9.5 liter/hari/100 tails, 6 weeks (37-43 days) 10 , 9 liter/hari/100 tail, week 7 (44-50 days) 12.7 liter/hari/100 tail and 8 weeks (51-57 days) 14.1 liters / day per head. So a total of 30-57 days of drinking water as much as 333.4 liters / day per head.
2.Pemeliharaan Enclosure
Stable environmental hygiene (sanitation) in the area of the farm is disease prevention efforts that are cheaper, it only takes a tenacious force / skilled only. Preventive action by giving the vaccine at a cattle brand and dose according to the label notes that the poultry shoup. In order to be useful building cages effectively, it needs the stable building is well maintained the cage is always clean and maintained / checked if there are broken parts to be stitched / repaired again. Thus the efficiency can be a maximum stable without reducing the requirements for the livestock barn raised.

7. PEST AND DISEASE

1.Dysease
1.dysentry (Coccidiosis)
Symptoms: bloody stools and diarrhea, lack of appetite, terkulasi wings, feathers dull shivering.
Control:
1.menjaga hygiene lingkungaan, keep the litter remains dry;
Tetra 2.dengan Capsule Chloine given by mouth; Noxal, Zuco Trident tablets dissolved in water or sulfaqui moxaline, amprolium, cxaldayocox.
2.Tetelo (NCD / New Casstle Diseae)
Symptoms: chicken difficult breathing, coughing, sneezing, arising grunting, lethargic, sleepy eyes, wings terkulasi, sometimes bloody, greenish watery stools of symptom-specific "tortikolis" the head twisted and paralyzed uncertain.
Control:
1.menjaga environmental hygiene and contaminated equipment viruses, animal disease vectors tetelo, chickens that died immediately burned / removed;
2.pisahkan sick chickens, preventing guest ranch in the area without clothes disinfect / sterile and do NCD vaccination. Until now there has been no cure.
2.Hama
1.Tungau (alliance)
Symptoms: chicken restless, often pecking and flapping feathers because of itching, appetite down, pale and thin.
Control:
Environmental 1.sanitasi good chicken coop; separating the sick chickens with a healthy;
2.dengan use sevin carbonate concentration of 0.15% with a dilute with water and then spray with sevin carbonate concentration of 0.15% with a dilute with water and then spray ketubuh patients. By fumigation or use pengasepan volatile insecticide such as sulfate or Nocotine Black leaf 40.

8. HARVEST

1.Main Result
For broiler poultry business, primarily the result of chicken meat
Additional
2.Additional Result
Business broiler chickens (broiler) is a stool or feces and feather pen.

9. Post Harvest

1.Stoving
Shelter prior to cutting chicken, usually placed in the stable storage (Houlding Ground)
2.Cutting
Cutting chicken his neck done, the principle that the blood came out whole, or about 2/3 neck cut and wait 1-2 minutes. This is so good meat quality, not easily contaminated and easily rot.
3.Barking or Revocatiaon hair removal
The way chicken has been cut was dipped into hot water (51.7 to 54.4 ° C). Old broiler immersion is 30 seconds. Fur
smooth revoked by applying liquid wax or burned with blue flame.
4.Expenditure Offal
Anal cut the bottom bit, the entire contents of the abdomen (liver, intestine and ampela) issued. Stomach contents may be sold or included in the meat ready
cooked in a separate package.
5.Cutting Carcass
Legs and cut the chicken's neck. Tunggir also deducted if not liked. After all the innards are removed and the carcass had been washed clean, chicken legs / thighs flexet under the anus. Then the chicken is cooled and packaged.

10. CULTIVATION OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

Business 1.Analisis Cultivation
Basic calculation costs and income earned in this analysis, include:
1.jenis domesticated chicken is a type of broiler (broilers) from strains CP.707.
Applied 2.sistem maintenance intensive way to the stable model of postal
3.luas land used is 200 m 2 with the value of land rents in 1 ha / year is Rp 1.000.000, -.
4.kandang frame made of bamboo, ground floor, walls made of bamboo planks premises base 30 cm high wall made of bricks, plaster and roof tiles used.
5.ukuran stable, ie the edge height 2.5 m, 5 m wide and stable part of the cage width 1.5 m.
6.lokasi farm near the source of water and electricity.
Heater 7.menggunakan (brooder) gasolec with gas fuel.
8.penerangan with electric lights.
9.umur chicken is starting from seed 1-day-old
10.litter/alas cage using rice husk.
11.jenis feed given is BR-1 for children age 0-4 weeks chickens and BR-2 for 4-6 weeks of age.
Chicken deaths 12.tingkat assumed 6%.
13.lama the maintenance period of 6 weeks (42 days).
14.berat average per cow is assumed to be 1.75 kg of chicken live weight at harvest.
15.harga chicken per kg of live weight, which is assumed to be USD 2500, -, although the price range to reach Rp 3000, - level rancher / farmer.
16.ayam sold mingu at age 6 or 42 days.
17.nilai manure is Rp 60.000, -.
18.bunga Bank is 1.5% / month
19.nilai depreciation calculated by the power of the stable lifetime of 6 years and the depreciation value of equipment lifetime calculated with 5
year.
20.perhitungan cost analysis is only counted as basic guidelines, because the value / price at any time subject to change.
The details of production and capital costs of farming are as follows:
Production infrastructure 1.Biaya
1.Sewa land 200 m 2 for 2 months --------------- Rp. 20.000, --
2.Kandang size 20 x 5 m
180 bamboo sticks @ USD 1250 ,-------------- Rp. 225.000, --
Cement 4 zak @ USD 7000 ,-------------------- Rp. 28.000, --
Limestone 30 zak @ USD 6000 ,------------------- Rp. 18.000, --
Genting 2600 bh @ USD 90 ,------------------- Rp. 234,000, --
Batten nails 5 kg @ USD 2000 ,------------------ Rp. 10.000, --
Nail usuk 7000 kg @ Rp 1800, ------------- Rp. 12,600, --
1000 brick pieces @ USD 55 ,--------------- Rp. 55.000, --
Sand trucks ----------------------------------- 1 USD. 230.000, --
The rope 28 meters @ Rp 5000, Rp --------------------. 14.000, --
Labor ---------------------------------- USD. 400.000, --
3.Peralatan
Feeder 28 pcs @ USD 5000, ------------ Rp. 140.000, --
Places to drink 32 pcs @ USD 3880, ------------ Rp. 124,000, --
Shovel 1 bh ----------------------------------- USD. 7000, --
Ember 2 pcs @ USD 2000, ---------------------- Rp. 4000, --
Tong cistern ----------------------------- Rp 1 pcs. 15.000, --
Dipper 2 pcs @ USD $ 500, ------------------------ Rp. 1000, --
Large gas cylinders ------------------------- USD 1 pcs. 250.000, --
Thermometer 1 bh ----------------------------- Rp. 2000, --
Regulator 1 bh --------------------------------- Rp. 52,500, --
Brooder (gasolec) ------------------------ 1 pcs Rp. 15.000, --
Hanging rope feed tmp 120 m @ USD 500, - ----- Rp. 60.000, --
The number of production infrastructure costs --------------- Rp. 2,052,000, --
2.Biaya production facilities
1000 DOC 1.Bibit bh @ Rp 900, - -------------------- Rp. 900.000, --
2.Pakan and medicines
BR-1 31 zak (0-4 weeks) @ Rp 36.000, ------- Rp. 1,116,000, --
2 BR-34 zak (4-6 mingu) @ Rp 34,000, -------- Rp. 1,156,000, --
drugs @ Rp 150, Rp -/ekor ------------------. 150.000, --
Maintain employment 3.tenaga @ 1.5 bln Rp 105.000, - -------- Rp. 157,500, --
Other 4.Lain---------------------------------------------- - Rp. 10.000, --
rice husk stable base 1 truck @ Rp 60.000, - - Rp. 60.000, --
32 used gunny bags @ Rp 300, - ------ Rp. 2400, --
electricity consumption during the 0-6 weeks ------------- USD. 7000, --
gas consumption ----------------------------------- USD. 35.000, --
The amount of production costs --------------------------- USD. 3,583,900, --
3.Biaya production
1.Sewa land 200 m 2 for 2 months ------------------ Rp. 20.000, --
Shrinkage 2.Nilai production infrastructure / 2 mths
cage ----------------------------------------- Rp. 51,109, --
Equipment Rp 805,660, -: 30 ---------- ----------- USD. 26,856, --
1000 DOC tail 3.Bibit --------------------------------- Rp. 900.000, --
4.Pakan and drugs -------------------------------- Rp. 2,422,000, --
------------------------------------------- USD 5.Tenaga work. 157,500, --
Other 6.lain---------------------------------------------- --- Rp. 104,400, --
7.Bunga capital 1.5% per month --------------------------- USD. 84,543, --
Capital 8.Bulan --------------------------------- USD 1.5 months. 126,815, --
Amount ---------------------------------- production costs Rp. 3,808,680, --
4.Pendapatan
1.Total production 1000X94% X1, 75 kg x Rp 2500, - ----- Rp. 4,112,500, --
Manure 2.Nilai ----------------------------------- USD. 60.000, --
------------------------------------- USD 3.Jumlah income. 4,172,500, --
4.Keuntungan -------------------------------------------- USD. 363,820, --
Business feasibility 5.Parameter
Production Volume 1.BEP tail = 870
Production Price 2.BEP USD. 3,316,000, --
3.B / C Ratio = 1.09
4.ROI = 6.45%
5.Rasio benefits to income = 8.71%
6.Tingkat Payback = 2.6 years.
2.Agribusiness Opportunities preview
The prospects for agribusiness farm broiler chickens good enough where market demand is always increasing, in line with public awareness of the importance of animal nutrition. Production of broiler chickens currently growing rapidly and the market opportunities that can be reliable.