BROILER CULTIVATION

BROILER CULTIVATION






1. BRIEF HISTORY

Broiler called broilers, which is a kind of superior hybrid race of chicken nations that have high productivity power, especially in the production of chicken meat. Actually the new broiler is popular in Indonesia since the 1980s which proclaimed authority panggalakan ruminant meat consumption, which at that time more difficult existence. Up to now been known broiler Indonesian people with various strengths. Only 5-6 weeks can be harvested. By the time the maintenance of a relatively short and profitable, so many new breeders and seasoned breeders are popping up in various parts of Indonesia.

2. FISHERIES CENTER

Chicken has been developed very rapidly in every state. In Indonesia, efforts broiler chickens have also found almost every province

3. TYPE

With various strains of broiler chickens that had been circulating in the market, farmers do not have to worry in determining choice. For all types of strains that have been circulating a relative productivity sama.Artinya power if there is a difference, the difference is not striking or very small. Strain choice in determining what will be maintained, the farmer may request a list of seed productivity or performance is sold in Poultry Shoup. The type strains of broiler that many on the market are: Super 77, 70 Tegel, ISA, Kim Cross, Lohman 202, Hyline, Vdett, Missouri, Hubbard, Shaver Starbro, Pilch, Yabro, Goto, arcres Arbor, Tatum, Indian river, Hybro, Cornish, Brahma, Langshans, Hypeco-Broiler, Ross, Marshall "m", Euribrid, AA 70, H & N, Sussex, Bromo, CP 707.

4. BENEFITS

Benefits of broiler breeding, among others, include:
Animal protein needs
1.profision Time period
2.filler retirement
3.education and training (training) skills among adolescents
4.savings in the old days
5.sufficien family needs (profit motive)

5. LOCATION REQUIREMENTS

1.Location far enough from the hustle / housing residents.
2.Location easily reached from the marketing centers.
Are elected 3.Location settled, meaning not easily distracted by other needs in addition to farm.

6. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION

Before the breeding effort started, a farmer must understand the 3 (three) elements of production are: management (farm management), breeding (breeding) and feeding (forage / feed)
1.preparation Facilities and Equipment
1.Perkandangan
Perkandangan system ideal for poultry business races include:
temperature conditions ranging from 32,2-35 degrees C,
humidity ranged between 60-70%, lighting / heating cage in accordance with existing rules,
the layout of the cage to get the morning sun and not against the wind directions, the stable model tailored to the age of chicken,
for the chicks until the age of 2 weeks or 1 month of using the stable box, for chicken adolescents ± 1 month to 2 or 3 months using a raised cage box and to be with adult chicken cage cage or postal bateray.
For cage construction does not have the expensive material, an important strong, clean and durable.
2.Tools
Litter (floor mats)
Alas floor / litter to dry, then there is no leaky roofs and rainwater entering no wind though. Thickness 10 cm high litter, litter materials used a mixture of bran / husk with a little lime and sand sufficiently, or wood shavings result length between 3-5 cm to substitute bran / husk.
masters or brooder
This tool circular or rectangular with an area coverage of 1-3 m with a heater in the middle. Functions like a hen that warms the child when the newly hatched chicken.
Perch (if necessary)
Perches to place of rest / sleep, created by the wall and cultivated dirt that falls to the floor easy to clean from the outside. Created closed to avoid the wind and it's lower than the egg-laying.
Places to eat, drink and the grit
Places to eat and drink should be available sufficient, the material of bamboo, aluminum, or anything that strong and does not leak nor rust. For the grits with a special box
Routine equipment
Routine equipment including medical devices such as chicken: injections, operating scissors, a knife cut a small operation, and others.
2.Nurseries
Domesticated livestock must meet the following requirements:
1.livestock healthy and not on physical disabilities
2.Growth and normal development
3.livestock come from nurseries known advantages.
4.Nothing feces in the anus coherency
1.Seed selection and candidate master
There are some technical guidelines to select seeds / DOC (Day OldChicken) / day of chicken age:
Chicks (DOC) derived from a healthy parent.
Fur smooth and good management and growth.
There were no defects in the body.
Mempunyak chicks a good appetite.
Normal body size, body weight between 35-40 grams.
Nothing Lay diduburnya feces.
Seeds and 2.Perawatan Candidate Master
Done every time, if there are symptoms of disorder in cattle that are immediately given special attention and given medication as directed local farming office or veterinarian in charge of the region concerned.



3.Maintenance
1.Gift Feed and Beverages
For feeding broiler chicken is 2 (two) phases of the starter phase (age 0-4 weeks) and finisher phase (age 4-6 weeks).
and quantity of feed a.Kualitas starter phase is as follows:
quality or nutrient content of feed consisting of 22-24% protein, 2.5% fat, crude fiber 4%, Calcium (Ca) 1%, Phospor (P) 0,7-0,9%, 2800-3500 Kcal ME .
quantity of feed divided / grouped into 4 (four) the first week of classes (age 1-7 days) 17 grams / day / head, the second week (age 8-14 days) 43 grams / day / fish, week 3 (age 15-21 days) 66 grams / day / fish and week 4 (age 22-29 days) 91 grams / day per head. So the amount of feed required per tail until the age of 4 weeks of 1520 grams.
and quantity of feed b.Kualitas finisher phase is as follows:
quality or nutrient content of feed consisting of protein 18,1-21,2%; fat 2.5%, 4.5% crude fiber, calcium (Ca) 1%, Phospor (P) 0,7-0,9% and energy (ME) 2900-3400 Kcal.
quantity of feed divided / grouped in four age groups are:
week 5 (age 30-36 days) 111 grams / day / head,
week 6 (age 37-43 days) 129 grams / day / head,
week 7 (age 44-50 days) 146 grams / day / fish and
week 8 (age 51-57 days) 161 grams / day per head.
So the total amount of feed per cow at the age of 30-57 days was 3829 grams.
Providing drinking age adjusted to the view that chickens are grouped in 2 (two) phases, namely:
a.Fase starter (age 1-29 days), drinking water needs subdivided each week, ie 1 week (1-7 days) 1.8 lliter/hari/100 tail; week 2 (8 -14 days) 3.1 liter/hari/100 tail, week 3 (15-21 days) 4.5 liter/hari/100 tail and week 4 (22-29 days) 7.7 liters / day / tail. So the amount of water needed to drink until the age of 4 weeks was 122.6 liter/100 tails. Provision of drinking water on the first day of added sugar should be given anti-stress and drugs into drinking water. Given the number of sugar is 50 grams / liter of water.
b.Fase finisher (30-57 days old), are clustered in each week is week 5 (30-36 days) 9.5 liter/hari/100 tails, 6 weeks (37-43 days) 10 , 9 liter/hari/100 tail, week 7 (44-50 days) 12.7 liter/hari/100 tail and 8 weeks (51-57 days) 14.1 liters / day per head. So a total of 30-57 days of drinking water as much as 333.4 liters / day per head.
2.Pemeliharaan Enclosure
Stable environmental hygiene (sanitation) in the area of the farm is disease prevention efforts that are cheaper, it only takes a tenacious force / skilled only. Preventive action by giving the vaccine at a cattle brand and dose according to the label notes that the poultry shoup. In order to be useful building cages effectively, it needs the stable building is well maintained the cage is always clean and maintained / checked if there are broken parts to be stitched / repaired again. Thus the efficiency can be a maximum stable without reducing the requirements for the livestock barn raised.

7. PEST AND DISEASE

1.Dysease
1.dysentry (Coccidiosis)
Symptoms: bloody stools and diarrhea, lack of appetite, terkulasi wings, feathers dull shivering.
Control:
1.menjaga hygiene lingkungaan, keep the litter remains dry;
Tetra 2.dengan Capsule Chloine given by mouth; Noxal, Zuco Trident tablets dissolved in water or sulfaqui moxaline, amprolium, cxaldayocox.
2.Tetelo (NCD / New Casstle Diseae)
Symptoms: chicken difficult breathing, coughing, sneezing, arising grunting, lethargic, sleepy eyes, wings terkulasi, sometimes bloody, greenish watery stools of symptom-specific "tortikolis" the head twisted and paralyzed uncertain.
Control:
1.menjaga environmental hygiene and contaminated equipment viruses, animal disease vectors tetelo, chickens that died immediately burned / removed;
2.pisahkan sick chickens, preventing guest ranch in the area without clothes disinfect / sterile and do NCD vaccination. Until now there has been no cure.
2.Hama
1.Tungau (alliance)
Symptoms: chicken restless, often pecking and flapping feathers because of itching, appetite down, pale and thin.
Control:
Environmental 1.sanitasi good chicken coop; separating the sick chickens with a healthy;
2.dengan use sevin carbonate concentration of 0.15% with a dilute with water and then spray with sevin carbonate concentration of 0.15% with a dilute with water and then spray ketubuh patients. By fumigation or use pengasepan volatile insecticide such as sulfate or Nocotine Black leaf 40.

8. HARVEST

1.Main Result
For broiler poultry business, primarily the result of chicken meat
Additional
2.Additional Result
Business broiler chickens (broiler) is a stool or feces and feather pen.

9. Post Harvest

1.Stoving
Shelter prior to cutting chicken, usually placed in the stable storage (Houlding Ground)
2.Cutting
Cutting chicken his neck done, the principle that the blood came out whole, or about 2/3 neck cut and wait 1-2 minutes. This is so good meat quality, not easily contaminated and easily rot.
3.Barking or Revocatiaon hair removal
The way chicken has been cut was dipped into hot water (51.7 to 54.4 ° C). Old broiler immersion is 30 seconds. Fur
smooth revoked by applying liquid wax or burned with blue flame.
4.Expenditure Offal
Anal cut the bottom bit, the entire contents of the abdomen (liver, intestine and ampela) issued. Stomach contents may be sold or included in the meat ready
cooked in a separate package.
5.Cutting Carcass
Legs and cut the chicken's neck. Tunggir also deducted if not liked. After all the innards are removed and the carcass had been washed clean, chicken legs / thighs flexet under the anus. Then the chicken is cooled and packaged.

10. CULTIVATION OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

Business 1.Analisis Cultivation
Basic calculation costs and income earned in this analysis, include:
1.jenis domesticated chicken is a type of broiler (broilers) from strains CP.707.
Applied 2.sistem maintenance intensive way to the stable model of postal
3.luas land used is 200 m 2 with the value of land rents in 1 ha / year is Rp 1.000.000, -.
4.kandang frame made of bamboo, ground floor, walls made of bamboo planks premises base 30 cm high wall made of bricks, plaster and roof tiles used.
5.ukuran stable, ie the edge height 2.5 m, 5 m wide and stable part of the cage width 1.5 m.
6.lokasi farm near the source of water and electricity.
Heater 7.menggunakan (brooder) gasolec with gas fuel.
8.penerangan with electric lights.
9.umur chicken is starting from seed 1-day-old
10.litter/alas cage using rice husk.
11.jenis feed given is BR-1 for children age 0-4 weeks chickens and BR-2 for 4-6 weeks of age.
Chicken deaths 12.tingkat assumed 6%.
13.lama the maintenance period of 6 weeks (42 days).
14.berat average per cow is assumed to be 1.75 kg of chicken live weight at harvest.
15.harga chicken per kg of live weight, which is assumed to be USD 2500, -, although the price range to reach Rp 3000, - level rancher / farmer.
16.ayam sold mingu at age 6 or 42 days.
17.nilai manure is Rp 60.000, -.
18.bunga Bank is 1.5% / month
19.nilai depreciation calculated by the power of the stable lifetime of 6 years and the depreciation value of equipment lifetime calculated with 5
year.
20.perhitungan cost analysis is only counted as basic guidelines, because the value / price at any time subject to change.
The details of production and capital costs of farming are as follows:
Production infrastructure 1.Biaya
1.Sewa land 200 m 2 for 2 months --------------- Rp. 20.000, --
2.Kandang size 20 x 5 m
180 bamboo sticks @ USD 1250 ,-------------- Rp. 225.000, --
Cement 4 zak @ USD 7000 ,-------------------- Rp. 28.000, --
Limestone 30 zak @ USD 6000 ,------------------- Rp. 18.000, --
Genting 2600 bh @ USD 90 ,------------------- Rp. 234,000, --
Batten nails 5 kg @ USD 2000 ,------------------ Rp. 10.000, --
Nail usuk 7000 kg @ Rp 1800, ------------- Rp. 12,600, --
1000 brick pieces @ USD 55 ,--------------- Rp. 55.000, --
Sand trucks ----------------------------------- 1 USD. 230.000, --
The rope 28 meters @ Rp 5000, Rp --------------------. 14.000, --
Labor ---------------------------------- USD. 400.000, --
3.Peralatan
Feeder 28 pcs @ USD 5000, ------------ Rp. 140.000, --
Places to drink 32 pcs @ USD 3880, ------------ Rp. 124,000, --
Shovel 1 bh ----------------------------------- USD. 7000, --
Ember 2 pcs @ USD 2000, ---------------------- Rp. 4000, --
Tong cistern ----------------------------- Rp 1 pcs. 15.000, --
Dipper 2 pcs @ USD $ 500, ------------------------ Rp. 1000, --
Large gas cylinders ------------------------- USD 1 pcs. 250.000, --
Thermometer 1 bh ----------------------------- Rp. 2000, --
Regulator 1 bh --------------------------------- Rp. 52,500, --
Brooder (gasolec) ------------------------ 1 pcs Rp. 15.000, --
Hanging rope feed tmp 120 m @ USD 500, - ----- Rp. 60.000, --
The number of production infrastructure costs --------------- Rp. 2,052,000, --
2.Biaya production facilities
1000 DOC 1.Bibit bh @ Rp 900, - -------------------- Rp. 900.000, --
2.Pakan and medicines
BR-1 31 zak (0-4 weeks) @ Rp 36.000, ------- Rp. 1,116,000, --
2 BR-34 zak (4-6 mingu) @ Rp 34,000, -------- Rp. 1,156,000, --
drugs @ Rp 150, Rp -/ekor ------------------. 150.000, --
Maintain employment 3.tenaga @ 1.5 bln Rp 105.000, - -------- Rp. 157,500, --
Other 4.Lain---------------------------------------------- - Rp. 10.000, --
rice husk stable base 1 truck @ Rp 60.000, - - Rp. 60.000, --
32 used gunny bags @ Rp 300, - ------ Rp. 2400, --
electricity consumption during the 0-6 weeks ------------- USD. 7000, --
gas consumption ----------------------------------- USD. 35.000, --
The amount of production costs --------------------------- USD. 3,583,900, --
3.Biaya production
1.Sewa land 200 m 2 for 2 months ------------------ Rp. 20.000, --
Shrinkage 2.Nilai production infrastructure / 2 mths
cage ----------------------------------------- Rp. 51,109, --
Equipment Rp 805,660, -: 30 ---------- ----------- USD. 26,856, --
1000 DOC tail 3.Bibit --------------------------------- Rp. 900.000, --
4.Pakan and drugs -------------------------------- Rp. 2,422,000, --
------------------------------------------- USD 5.Tenaga work. 157,500, --
Other 6.lain---------------------------------------------- --- Rp. 104,400, --
7.Bunga capital 1.5% per month --------------------------- USD. 84,543, --
Capital 8.Bulan --------------------------------- USD 1.5 months. 126,815, --
Amount ---------------------------------- production costs Rp. 3,808,680, --
4.Pendapatan
1.Total production 1000X94% X1, 75 kg x Rp 2500, - ----- Rp. 4,112,500, --
Manure 2.Nilai ----------------------------------- USD. 60.000, --
------------------------------------- USD 3.Jumlah income. 4,172,500, --
4.Keuntungan -------------------------------------------- USD. 363,820, --
Business feasibility 5.Parameter
Production Volume 1.BEP tail = 870
Production Price 2.BEP USD. 3,316,000, --
3.B / C Ratio = 1.09
4.ROI = 6.45%
5.Rasio benefits to income = 8.71%
6.Tingkat Payback = 2.6 years.
2.Agribusiness Opportunities preview
The prospects for agribusiness farm broiler chickens good enough where market demand is always increasing, in line with public awareness of the importance of animal nutrition. Production of broiler chickens currently growing rapidly and the market opportunities that can be reliable.

Lobster Farming freshwater

Lobster Farming Freshwater

Freshwater crayfish is one of fishery commodities much in demand today's society. Potential and prospects of this business tends to increase given the continued increase in market demand both from within and abroad. There are two kinds of freshwater crayfish are known to the consumption of freshwater crayfish and freshwater crayfish ornamental. But the general public is more familiar with freshwater crayfish as a commodity for consumption because the flavor is tasty and delicious.

The development of crayfish culture in Indonesia has great potential. This is supported by a tropical climate conditions in Indonesia that allows freshwater crayfish can be cultivated throughout the year. As an example for this type of Cherax Quadricariantus (Red Claw) can multiply 4 to 5 times per year, while in their natural habitat, Australia, this kind of lobster can only multiply two times a year.

Cherax QUADRICARINATUS

Some of the advantages of freshwater crayfish have so worthy to be cultivated among others:

* Having a character is not easy to stress (wide tolerance range of salinity conditions of water) and not susceptible to disease.
* Can be cultivated in the narrow and broad land, both in the tank or in the pool
* Technique is relatively easy maintenance.
* Can be naturally memijah (no need to artificially spawning)

Enlargement tips tips crayfish fast

1. Perform lobster rearing in the pond with the ground. There are sufficient water sources and made to flow
2. Apply fertilizer in the pond before digunkan that formed natural food (worms). Fertilizer potion made from chicken manure (30 kg), urea (0.5 kg), and TSP (0.5 kg) to 100 m2
3. Use good quality seed with a minimum size of 2 inches (age 60-70 days)
4. dense stocking enough lobster tail 10 per m2
5. Give enough additional feed with high protein content
6. Perform regular maintenance control.

GOAT ANIMAL CULTIVATION

GOAT ANIMAL CULTIVATION

1. EXODUS
Optimal production goats
2. MATERIALS
Goats, feed, cage construction equipment, land
3. TOOLS
Place of feed / drink
4. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES
1. Types of native goats in Indonesia are the nuts and goat goat
Peranakan etawa (PE)
2. Choosing seed
The selection of seeds needed to produce better offspring.
Recommended seed selection of candidates in the local area, free of disease
with either phenotype.
a. Prospective parent
Age ranged between> 12 months, (2 permanent incisors fruit), the level
fertility, reproductive medium, whether parental qualities, the body is not defective,
descendant of twins (twins), the number two nipples
and body weight> 20 kg.
b. Male candidates
Males had a good appearance and large, age> 1.5 years,
(permanent incisors), the descendants of twins, has a great desire to marry,
healthy and not disabled.
3. Feed
a. Goats like all kinds of leaves as
basic feed and additional feed (concentrate).
b. Additional feed may be composed of (bungkil kalapa, bungkil soybean),
bran, fish meal plus minerals and vitamins.
c. General basic feed is grass heaven, leaves Lamtoro,
gamal, jackfruit leaves, etc..
d. Provision of greenery should reach 3% of body weight (base material
dry) or 10 - 15% weight loss (basic fresh material)
4. Main feeding
In addition to a mixture of greenery, additional food should be given when the old bunting
and just had a baby, about 1 1 / 2% of body weight with protein content
16%.
5. Enclosure
In principle the form, materials and construction of the goat pen size 1
1 / 2 m² for an individual parent. Males are separated by size
2 m² barn, was a child off sapih united (aged 3 months) with
size of 1 m / tail. High insulation 1 1 / 2 - 2 x high livestock.
6. Prevention of disease: before dikandangkan cattle, goats must
released from internal parasites with the drug delivery worms, and parasites
external to the bath.
5. SOURCE
Department of Agriculture, http://www.deptan.go.id.
6. CONTACT RELATIONS
Department of Agriculture, Jalan Harsono RM No. 3, Ragunan - Pasar Minggu, Jakarta
12550 - Indonesia
ANIMAL GOAT
1. INTRODUCTION
Goats have long cultivated by the farmers or the community as a business
side or savings for maintenance and marketing products (both
meat, milk, feces and skin) is relatively easy. Although traditionally
has provided considerable results, if the maintenance is improved (becomes
semi-intensive or intensive), body weight can reach 50 to 150
grams per day. There are three main things that must be considered in the cattle business
goat, namely: seeds, food, and administration.
2. BIBIT
Selection of seedlings should be adjusted with the objective of the business, whether for beef,
or dairy (eg nut for the production of goat meat, goat etawah to
milk production, etc.). Generally good seed trait is that able-bodied,
no defects, clean and shiny hair, high adaptability to the environment.
o Feature to prospective parents:
1. Compact body, deep and wide chest, back and waist line
straight, great body, but not too fat.
2. Tame and friendly eyes.
3. Straight legs and high heels.
4. Complete tooth, can graze properly (efficiently), maxilla
and below average.
5. From the descendants of twin or single birth but from the parent who
young.
6. Udder symmetry, do not hang and berputing 2 fruit.
o characteristic for male candidates:
1. Great body and length with the back of the larger and
higher, broad chest, not too fat, strong, active and have
libido (desire to marry) high.
2. Legs straight and strong.
3. From the descendants of twins.
4. Aged between 1.5 to 3 years.
3. FOOD
Types and ways of administration adapted to the age and condition of livestock. Feed
provided must be sufficient protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, easily digested,
not toxic and preferred stock, cheap and easily obtained. Basically there
two kinds of food, the green (various types of grass) and an additional meal
(derived from nuts, fish flour, coconut oilcake, vitamins and minerals).
The way of administration:
Given o 2 times a day (morning and afternoon), heavy grass 10% of body weight
goats, also provide drinking water from 1.5 to 2.5 liters per cow per day, and salt
berjodium sufficiently.
o For the goat is pregnant, lactating mother, and male dairy goats are
mated often need to be added in the form of food reinforcement pulp
as much as 0.5 to 1 kg / head / day.
4. Governance
1. Enclosure
2. Must be fresh (good ventilation, sufficient light, clean, and minimalberjarak 5 meters from the house).
The size of cages used are:
Cage litter: 120 cm x 120 cm / tail
Enclosure parent: 100 cm x 125 cm / tail
Enclosure child: 100 cm x 125 cm / tail
Enclosure males: 110 cm x 125 cm / tail
Cage of doves / adult: 100 cm x 125 cm / tail

3. Management of reproduction

Tried to be a goat can give birth at least 3 times in two years.
The things that must be considered are:
a. Goats reach sexual mature at age 6 to 10 months, and
should be mated at age 10-12 months or when body weight
reaches 55 to 60 kg.
b. Old lust from 24 to 45 hours, intermittent cycles of desire for 17 to 21 days.
c. The signs of lust: anxiety, appetite and drinking decreased, the tail
frequently shaken, frequent urination, swollen genitals and want / silent
if
climb.
d. Ratio of male and female = 1: 10
When the right to marry goats are:
a. Gravid period from 144 to 156 days (.... 5 months).
b. Early birth, weaning and the rest ± 2 months.
4. Disease Control
. Should focus on disease prevention through sanitation
A good cage, food nutrition and adequate vaccination.
a. Disease that often attack the goat are: worms, scabies
(scabies), bloated stomach (bloat), lungs (pneumonia), orf, and
koksidiosis.
5. Post Harvest
. Should be made to always increase the added value of
livestock production, either meat, milk, leather, horn, or droppings.
When the goats for sale at the moment do not gain weight
again (aged about 1 - 1.5 years), and attempted to demand
will be high enough goats.
a. Price estimated based on: the weight of life x (45 and 50%)
x price of beef carcass retail.
5. EXAMPLE ANIMAL GOAT BUSINESS ANALYSIS
0. Expenditures
. Seeds
Seeds 􀂃 males = 1 tails 1 x Rp. 250.000, - Rp. 250.000, --
Seed 6 􀂃 tail female = 1 x Rp. 200.000, - Rp. 1.200.000, --
Total Rp. 1.450.000, --
a. Enclosure USD. 500.000, --
b. Food Rp. 200.000, --
c. The drugs Rp. 100.000, --
Total Expenditure USD. 2.250.000, --
1. Income
. Of children
If after 1 year, 6 products to produce 2 tails, the number of
goats can be sold after 1 year = 12 tails. If the price of each
tail Rp. 150.000, - then from the tail 12 will be produced: 12 x
Rp. 150.000, - = Rp. 1.800.000, --
a. From parent
Stem weight 50 grams per cow per day, then after the 2
year will produce weight: 50 gr x 7 x 365 = 127.75
kg. Total meat that can be sold (7 x 15 kg) + 232.75 = 127.75 kg
kg. Revenue from the sale of meat = 232.75 kg x Rp. 10.000, --
= Rp.2.327.500, --
b. From the dirt:
During the 2 years can produce ± 70 sacks x Rp. 1000, - = Rp.
70.000, --
2. Benefits
. Sign in: Rp.1.800.000 + USD. 2,327,500 + USD. == Rp 70,000. 4,197,500, --
a. Exit: Rp.1.450.000 + Rp.500.000 + Rp.200.000 + Rp.100.000 == Rp.
2,250,000
b. Benefits for 2 years: USD. 4,197,500, - minus Rp. == 2250000
Rp. 1,947,500, - or Rp. 81,145, - per month.

Tips breeding Crickets

Tips breeding Crickets

Today during the economic crisis in Indonesia, the cultivation of crickets (Liogryllus bimaculatus) is very intense, as well as the seminars are held in many cities. This activity is mostly done considering the time required for egg production will be traded only takes ± 2-4 weeks. As for the production of crickets to feed the fish and birds as well as to take the flour, requires only 2-3 months.

Female crickets have a life cycle of ± 3 months, while males less than 3 months. In the life cycle of the female crickets are able to produce more than 500 eggs.
The spread of cricket in Indonesia is uneven, but for big cities that many fans of birds and fish, was initially very dependent to consume crickets that comes from nature, decreasing over time with the crickets caught from the wild will begin to try to cultivate nature and breeding crickets intensively and is mostly done business in the city-island of Java.

Expressed in front of that for now, the center is a cricket farm big city island of Java because of the needs of the crickets very much. While temporarily outside the island of Java is still widely found in nature, so not many ranches crickets.

There are more than 100 species of crickets found in Indonesia. Type the many cultivated at the moment is Gryllus Mitratus and Gryllus testaclus, to feed the fish and birds. Both types can be distinguished from the shape of her body, which Gryllus his Mitratus wipositor shorter Gryllus Mitratus besides that has a white line on the edge of the wing backs, and a calm appearance.

Fresh crickets well known to feed birds sang as poksay, kacer and hwambie and to feed the fish, good for the growth of shrimp and catfish in the form of flour.

LOCATION
1. Location of cultivation must be calm, cool and get good air circulation.
2. Location away from noise sources such as markets, roads and so forth.
3. Not affected by direct sunlight or excessive.

TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION
According to Farry, 1999, cattle crickets are the types of business that if not planned carefully, will greatly harm the business. There are several steps that need to be done in the cattle business plan for the cricket, which is drafting a schedule of activities, determine the organizational structure, determine job specifications, determine the physical facilities, planning methods of the market approach, preparing a budget, looking for sources of funding and implementing the cattle business crickets.

1. Preparation Facility and Equipment

Because the usual crickets at night to day activities, then do not put a cricket cage under the sun, so place a shady place and the dark. Should be avoided by people passing by even more for nesting cages. To maintain stable conditions close to their habitats, the walls smeared with mud cage and given rice leaves like banana leaves, leaves arise, breadfruit leaves and other leaves in addition to hiding places to avoid cannibalism of the nature of the crickets. The wall of the inner cage should be lined with duct tape so that the cricket tour does not creep up until out of the cage. Blame one side wall of the cage created a screen-covered holes to provide good air circulation and to keep the humidity stable. To measure the maintenance box of crickets, there is no standard size. What matters in accordance with the requirements for the population of each cage of crickets.

According to field monitoring results and experiences. breeders, the stable form is usually rectangular with a height of 30-50 cm, 60-100 cm wide while the 120-200 cm in length. Box (cage) can be made from wood with a framework of rafters, but to mengirit costs, then the walls of the cage can be made from plywood. Cages are usually made compound, and the bottom cage has at least four foot buffer. To avoid interruption of animals such as ants, mice, lizards and other insects, the four foot cages covered bowl containing water, kerosene or even vaseline (fat) that dilumurkan ditiap foot buffer.
2. Seedling
1. 1) Selection of Seeds and Candidate Master
Seeds needed to grow up to be healthy, not sick, not disabled (whiskers or a broken leg) and the age of about 10-20 days. Prospective parent is a good crickets crickets from the wild catch, because it usually has a resistance body better. Even if the mother can not catch from the wild, then the parent can be purchased from the farm. While the father worked from nature, because it is more aggressive.
The characteristics indukan, dams, and the male parent is as follows:
a. Indukan:
whiskers (antenna) is still long and full. §
hind legs are still incomplete. §
can jump to the quick, agile and look healthy. §
body and fur shiny black crickets. §
choose a great parent. §
view chose crickets liquid issuing from the mouth and anus, if held. §
b. The father:
always chirping sound. §
surface of the wing or back rough and bumpy. §
not have the tail ovipositor. §
Mother: §
not chirp. §
back or wing surface smooth. §
There ovipositor under the tail to remove the eggs. §
2. Seed treatment and Candidate Master
Treatment of crickets that have been removed from the box 10-day-old hatchery should really be noted and controlled the food, because the very rapid growth. So if the food is less, then the chicks will be cannibal crickets eat the weak chicks. In addition to well controlled humidity and animal nuisance, namely, ants, mice, lizard, cockroaches and spiders. To reduce the cannibal nature of crickets, the food should not be less. Food is usually provided include yams, cassava, vegetables and herbs, and given alternately every day.
3. Pemuliabiakan System
Until now the known breeding crickets is to marry the father and mother, while there is a natural spawning and there is also a way of delivery. But the risk of delivery by the female parent most likely to die and the eggs obtained uneven tetasnya parents so low power.
4. Reproduction and Marriage
Parent can produce eggs that are high-power tetasnya ± 80-90% when given highly nutritious food. Each breeder has ingredients specifically given to the parent crickets include: corn bran, rice items, fish flour, egg yolk duck, kalk and sometimes supplemented with vitamins.
Besides the stable atmosphere should be similar to the wild habitat, barn walls covered with clay, white cement and wood glue, and given the dry leaves like banana leaves, leaves of teak, sugarcane leaves and wood shavings.
Crickets usually lay their eggs dipasir or soil. So in a special cage laying prepared sand media included a small dipiring. Comparison between females and males 10: 2, in order to obtain the eggs are high tetasnya. If the crickets are finished laying about 5 days, then the egg is separated from its mother so the parent does not eat later in bagiab cage sprayed with an antibiotic solution (cotrymoxale). In addition to natural nesting, nesting can also be done in sections. But the shortcomings are not uniformly mature eggs (hatching power).
5. Parturition
Before hatching eggs should be prepared in advance of the cage in the cage is covered with sand, chaff or a soft towel. In one cage enough to put 1-2 teaspoons of the egg where the egg one teaspoon of 1500-2000 is estimated to range eggs. During this process the egg color will change color from clear to cloudy look. Humidity should be kept with the egg spraying eggs every day and eggs should dibulak-back to avoid mildew. Eggs will hatch about 4-6 days evenly.
3. Maintenance
1. Sanitation and Preventive Action
As has been described above that in the management of this farm sanitation crickets are a very important issue. To avoid any substances or toxic materials contained in the cage, then before the cricket is put into the cage, there should first be cleaned cages and covered with mud fields. To prevent pests, then the cage was given legs and each leg of each is put into cans filled with water.
2. Disease Control
Jangkrikn magnification selected for the healthy crickets and separated from the sick. Animal feed should be kept in order not to get moldy because it can become a den of disease. A pen is kept moist but not wet, because wet cage can also cause disease.
3. Livestock Care
Treatment besides crickets stable conditions that must be cultivated together with the natural habitat, which is moist and dark, it is no less important is adequate nutrition so as not eating each other (cannibalism).
4. FEEDING
1-10 day old chicks given Voor (chicken food) made darikacang soybeans, brown rice and mashed dry corn. After this vase, puppies can begin to be feed vegetables besides corn and squash. As for the crickets that are paired, given the feed include: cabbage, carrot, baby corn, peanut, cassava leaves and cucumber for a high water content. Even some that add the feed to livestock other anatar forecasting: corn bran, fish flour, black sticky rice, duck egg yolk, kalk and some vitamins are crushed and mixed into one.
5. Maintenance Cage
The water contained in a tin shed legs, replaced every 2 days and the humidity must be considered stable and tried to be dangerous not to enter the cage.
7. PEST AND DISEASE
1. Diseases, Pests and Causes
Until now has not found a serious disease attacking crickets. Usually the disease is caused by the fungus attached to the leaves. While often annoying pests are ants or crickets, small insects, mice, lizard, frogs and snakes.
2. Attack Prevention Pests and Diseases
To avoid infection by the fungus, the food and shelter leaves contaminated mushrooms should be discarded. Crickets pest can be overcome by making by making cans filled with water, kerosene or rubbing fat on foot cage.
3. Giving Vaccinations and Drugs
For the time being due to pests and diseases can be resolved prefentif, crickets, the disease can be suppressed minimum. So the administration of drugs and vaccination is not required.
8. HARVEST
1. Main results
Breeder crickets can get 2 (two) main results of equal economic value, namely: eggs that can be sold to other breeders and adult crickets to feed the birds and fish and crickets for flour.
2. Catching
Eggs that have been placed by the parent on the sand or soil medium, filtered and placed on a wet cloth media. For each of the folds of a wet cloth can be placed eggs 1 teaspoon of the later to be traded. As for crickets mature age 40-55 days or 55-70 days in which the new body begins to grow wings, captured by hand and entered the shelter place for the sale.

Implementation of catfish cultivation.

Implementation of catfish cultivation.




Before the seeds were scattered in catfish rearing ponds, which take into account is about the readiness of the pond include:

a. Pond soil preparation (traditional)

Bottom processing of soil cultivation or piracy and flattening the bottom. Pool wall amplified by hitting hit her with a wooden block so hard and dense so that no leakage occurs. Pemopokan soil embankment to the pond (covering parts of the leaking pool).

For shelter fish (catfish seeds) as well as facilitate the harvesting of the trench created / kamalir and pools (like for harvesting).

Provide lime into the pond which aims to eradicate pests, diseases and improve soil quality. The recommended dose is 20-200 gram/m2, depending on the acidity of the pond. For ponds with low pH can be more lime, and vice versa if the soil is good enough, giving the chalk can be simply to eliminate the possibility of pest and disease found in ponds.

Fertilization with chicken manure, ranged between 500-700 gram/m2; urea 15 gram/m2; SP3 10 gram/m2; NH4N03 15 gram/m2.
At the door of income and expenses mounted water filter
Then performed water filling the pool.
Swimming allowed for ± 7 (seven) days, in order to provide opportunities growing natural food.
b. Preparation pool wall
Preparation pool wall similar to the soil pool. The difference, in the pool wall is not done the basic processing pool, repairing trenches and sink to harvest, because the trench and sink to harvest is usually made Permanent.
c. Spreading Seeds
Before the seeds were scattered should be used to disinfect seeds consecrated by soaking in a solution of KM5N04 (potassium permanganate) or 35-dose PK gram/m2 for 24 hours or formalin with dose 25 mg / l for 5-10 minutes.
Spreading the seeds should be done in the morning or late afternoon or at the time was not hot air. Before you cast into the pond, once diaklimatisasi seeds (treatment temperature adjustment) by entering the water little by little into the seed container carriers. Seeds that had teraklimatisasi would automatically come out of the bag (container) transport the seeds to a new environment of the pond. This means that the treatment is carried out above the water surface where the container (bag) seeds float in water. The number of seeds tail/m2 stocked 35-50 cm in size 5-8.
d. FEEDING
In addition to natural foods, to accelerate the growth of channel catfish need supplementary feeding of pellets. The amount of food given as much as 2-5% per day from the total weight of fish that were scattered over the pond. Feeding frequency is 3-4 times every day. While artificial food composition can be made from a mixture of fine bran with the fish rucah with 1:9 ratio or a mixture of fine bran, bran, corn, chopped snails with a 2:1:1:1 ratio of the mixture can be made form of pellets.
e. Harvesting
Sangkuriang catfish consumption will reach the size when raised for 130 days, with a weight between 200 to 250 grams per fish with a length of 15 to 20 cm. Harvesting is done by withdrawing the pool water. Catfish will gather in kamalir and pools, so easily caught by using a Waring or lambit. Another way of catching using bamboo pipes or pipe pipe / bamboo placed based ponds, pond water during reduced, channel catfish will be entered into the joints of bamboo / pipe, then the fish can easily be captured or removed. Catch catfish collected in a sieve container / happa mounted on the pond where the water continues to flow to resting before the fish are transported to market.

Carriage of catfish can be done by using Karamba, fishing pole or a plastic jerry cans extended surface holes and with a small amount of water.



Production Process rearing activities presented in Table 1.

Table 1
Catfish Sangkuriang enlargement process in the tub wall.

Unit Enlargement Criteria
Plant Size
- Age 40 days
- Cm long, 4 to 8
- Weight gram 4-6
Harvest Size
- Age 130 days
- Cm long, 15 to 20
- Gram weight from 125 to 200
Survival rate% 80-90
Solid spread tail/m2 50-75
Feed
- Level 3 Giving% weight
- Frequency of Giving times / day 3
Feed Conversion Rate from 0.8 to 1.2

Sangkuriang catfish farming activities at the level of farmers are often faced with the problem of sickness or death of fish. In rearing activity, many diseases caused by poor handling of environmental conditions. Organisms that normally attack predators including snakes and eels. Whereas pathogen organisms are often attacked Ichthiophthirius sp., Trichodina sp., Monogenea sp. and Dactylogyrus sp.

Livestock Catfish

Livestock Catfish

If we want to start a catfish farm with 10,000 seedlings tebar size 10-12 cm tail, the market price of Rp.250, 300 per head, at least 100 m2 of land required, the amount of feed pellets when 1 ton of feed to meat conversion of 90% is estimated we have results of 900 kg, the maintenance period 60-80 days. We recommend at 30-40 days after seed tebar done sorting, because it started a lot of seeds that are often built bongsor reply mengkanibal other fish.




Tebar catfish, can be prefixed degan tebar 2-3 cm in size with a density of 100-150 fish / m 2, select a location with a temperature> 26 C. Set color to green leaf water supply for both O2 lbh, in good fertilizing & probiotic applications. Age 90 days will be at camp 140 gr (7ekor/Kg). with the density of the pond from the tarp or concrete. Actually the probiotic technology tebar catfish have been able to 400 to 500 fish / m 3. but necessary expertise in the management of water quality management.

Physical pool is not too major, either wall or ground pool. who majored in cattle catfish is the quality of seeds, water and feed. Seed should be purchased directly from pembenih catfish and started from seed wrote a rather large instance sizes with density 10-12 cm tail 100-150 / m2, pollution-free water can be derived from river water, wells, PAM is already deposited. ponds should be manure, urea, tsp and aged at least 1 week to form a natural food form of plankton, pond water should not dlm road conditions because the catfish susceptible to water changes constantly and catfish will always jump toward the source of flowing water. pond depth should be 120 cm with 80 cm water height. The main feed should use a feed mill with a protein content> 32% and can be given additional feed poultry farm waste such as chicken carcasses, intestines, hatching eggs that failed to advance burned / boiled.

Farmers catfish, pool size 10 × 10,000 seedlings planted 10M2 tail, given the feed 4 times a day and 40 days later harvest about 1.2 tons. Water depth of about 80 cm, the pool is not enough land dibeton but natural. 2 weeks after sow seeds, fish split a big size and small. catfish species cross between catfish and dumbo, I see a little white fish color unlike normal catfish and matil not, nor mengkanibal others.
Price seeds around Rp. 250 per head, the results of discussions with farmers, the total cost of approximately 7.5 million (Seed + feed), 40-day plant produces around 10 million.

Tips to make additional feed for catfish, catfish farmers can try, with materials:
1. Dregs know
2. Katul (dedek subtle) of rice
3. Salted Fish (refined) better in boiled
with a ratio of 10:5:1 so every 10 kg of waste know, +5 kg katul, salted fish + 1kg mix jd bs one, given as needed.

Initial capital, we try to make 1 small pond 2m x 3m, dig 30s cm soil depth, soil excavation around the edge urugkan candidate pool. Next we need to do is buy a lot of plastic tarp sold in stores, for 50 thousand, or a more expensive also, but this is pretty good quality. Place the plastic sheet into a swimming hole that had been dug, the soil depth of 30 cm, height of terrain (the ground before urug) rose 20-30 cm it was higher than the surrounding soil. Be our pool low cost. Fill with clean water, let stand for 2-3 nights (not directly sprinkled seeds). Give the plants water is also good, such as lotus, water algae, watercress, and so on.

Next, buy live catfish seed, the size of an adult thumb, it costs around 100-150 dollars perekor. Try to fill this pond with a 300-400 tail catfish seed. Sell fish feed (pellets) tender, about 1 kg of 5000 rupiah. A month may have spent about 3 kg, Some of the protective roof made pond, is also good. Most affected by direct sun light. If there are remaining rice dinner / lunch, put it into the pond, let me add - adds nutrients. Air Condition naturally as in the swamp / river, water plants multiply. If at the beginning of sowing the seeds, some fish die, do not panic, take it, throw it out. The next 3-4 days the fish will survive normal. Now, just waiting for about 3 months, the fish was big enough to be harvested, sold at a price of about 1000 dollars per cow. Just make the writing on the front of the house "SELL FISH CONSUMPTION Lele, FRESH, GURIH" If the land is wide enough, that could make the 2-3 more similar ponds. Use plastic tarp as well (cost effective sand and cement, and the cost of workers.

HOW TO BREED RABBITS

RABBITS




1. BRIEF HISTORY

These cattle previously wild animals are difficult
tamed. Domesticated rabbits since 2000 years
ago with the objective of beauty, food
and as experimental animals. Almost every
countries in the world has for livestock rabbit
rabbit has a body to adapt
relatively high, so they can live in almost
throughout the world. Rabbit developed in the area
with relatively high population, presence of
also cause the spread of rabbits as
different, in Europe called the rabbit, Indonesia
called the rabbit, called Java
trewelu and so on.

2. FISHERIES CENTER
Indonesia is still limited in certain areas and
not become centers of production / other words
maintenance is still traditional.

3. TYPE
According to the Binomial system, the rabbit
classified as follows:
Order : Lagomorpha
Family : Leporidae
Sub family : Leporine
Genus : Lepus, Orictolagus
Species : Lepus spp., Orictolagus spp.
Common types farmed the American Chinchilla, Angora, Belgian, Californian, Dutch,
Home Spot, Flemish Giant, Havana, Himalayan, New Zealand Red, White and Black, Rex
America. Local rabbits are actually derived from the Europeans who have mingled
with other types up beyond recognition. Types of New Zealand White and Californian very
good for meat production, while good for Angora fur.

4. BENEFITS
The benefits derived from rabbit fur and meat is that until this started to sell
hard in the market. In addition follow-up results can still be used for fertilizer, handicrafts and
fodder.

5. LOCATION REQUIREMENTS
Near water sources, far from the residence, smoke-free disturbance, smells, noise
and protected from predators.

6. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR CULTIVATION
That need to be considered in the cattle business location of the rabbit is a suitable preparation,
cage making, provision of seeds and provision of feed.
A. Preparation Facility and Equipment
Function as a place to multiply cage with an ideal temperature of 21 ° C, the circulation
air smoothly, while the ideal 12-hour lighting and protect livestock from predators.
According to usability, rabbit cage divided into the main barn. To
parent / adult or the mother rabbit and her children, male cage, especially for
males with larger sizes and children are out sapih Kennels. To
avoid early marriages performed the separation between males and
females. Cage measuring 200x70x70 cm base 50 cm tall enough for 12 tail
male /10 male tail. Cage children (children box) size 50x30x45 cm.
According to the rabbit cage shape is divided into:
1. Enclosure postal system, without pengumbaran pages, placed in
room and suitable for young rabbits.
2. Enclosure systems ranch; equipped with pengumbaran pages.
3. Battery cages; similar cage in which a single row of cages for a tail
construction Flatdech Battery (lined), Tier Battery (story),
Pyramidal Battery (stacking pyramid).
Equipment required cage is the place to feed and drink
break resistant and easily cleaned.
B. Seedling
For livestock conditions are subject to the primary purpose of these rabbit breeding.
For the purpose of fur Angora types, American Chinchilla and Rex is
suitable cattle. Was for the purpose of the types of Belgian meat, Californian,
Flemish Giant, Havana, Himalayan, and New Zealand is a suitable animal
maintained.
1. The selection of seeds and prospective parents
When the farm aims to beef, selected types of rabbits weighing
body and perdagingan high with good, whereas for the purpose of fur
clearly choose seeds that have the genetic potential of growth of feathers
well. Specifically for them to have high fertility trait, not
simple nervous, not deformed, eyes and clean, hair is not dull,
lively / active move.
2. Seed treatment and prospective parents
Seed treatment to determine the quality of a good parent too, therefore
primary care that need attention is adequate feeding,
setting and a good cage sanitation and preventing the cage from
outside interference.
3. Pemuliabiakan System
To get a better descent and maintain properties
specifically the breeding distinguished in 3 categories, namely:
a. In Breeding (folded in), to maintain and highlight
specific characteristics such as feathers, the proportion of meat.
b. Cross Breeding (cross out), to obtain more offspring
good / add superior properties.
c. Pure Line Breeding (cross between seed magpie), to get
nation / new species are expected to have the appearance of
is 2 advantages seed mix.
4. Reproduction and Marriage
Mated female rabbits immediately when the reach adulthood at the age of 5 months
(females and males). If disturbed too young health and mortality
high kids. When the first male to marry, should kawinkan
with females who had been childless. When married in the morning / afternoon
day in males cage and allow it to happen 2 times a marriage, after
males were separated.
5. Birth Process
After the marriage will have pregnancy rabbits for 30-32 days.
pregnancy in rabbits can be detected by feeling the abdomen doe
12-14 days after marriage, when there was little balls that occurred
pregnancy. Five days before the birth mother moved into the stable
midwives to provide an opportunity to prepare heated in a way
knocked out his fur. Rabbit births often occur at night with
child's condition is weak, eyes closed and no fur. Number of children
born varies around 6-10 tail.
C. Maintenance
1. Sanitation and Preventive Action
Venue maintenance always endeavored not to be dry nests
disease. Damp places and wet causes colds easily rabbits
and skin disease.
2. Disease Control
Rabbit disease usually have symptoms of lethargic, appetite
down, body temperature rises and wistful eyes. If rabbits show it soon
pollutant quarantined and objects also immediately removed to prevent
outbreaks of disease.
3. Livestock Care
Weaning children aged rabbits performed after 7-8 weeks. Children saplings
separate cages placed with 2-3 tail content / cage and provided
and adequate feed quality. The separation of sexes based on need for
prevent premature adults. Castration can be done during
nearly mature. Generally performed on male rabbits with
throw balls.
4. FEEDING
Type of feed will include green grass covers the ground, grass
elephant, vegetables including cabbage, mustard greens, kale, bean leaves, leaves and leaf turi
beans, corn biji-bijian/pakan include amplifiers, green beans, rice,
peanuts, sorghum, bran and oilcake-bungkilan. To meet the feed
This needs to feed concentrates tambahn form that can be purchased at the feed store
cattle. Feed and drink provided in the morning around 10:00. Rabbit
given feed mixed with bran little water. Grass was given at 13.00
little / just enough grass and 18:00 o'clock in the amount given
more. Provision of drinking water should be provided in the cage for
sufficient for body fluids.
5. Maintenance Cage
Floor / mat cage, where food and drink, the remaining feed and feces rabbit
every day should be cleaned to avoid disease. Sinar
The morning sun had to go into the cage to kill germs.
Cage walls were painted with lime / tar. Former rabbit cage pain
cleaned with Creolin / lysol.

7. PEST AND DISEASE
1. Ulcer
Cause: the dirty blood collecting under the skin.
Control: surgery and subsequent extravasation given Jodium dirty.
2. Scabies
Cause: Darcoptes scabiei. Symptoms: marked with a scab on the body.
Control: with antibiotic ointment.
3. Eczema
Cause: the dirt on the skin.
Controls: use the ointment / powder Salicyl.
4. Ear disease
Cause: lice.
Control: vegetable oil dripping.
5. Scalp diseases
Cause: mushrooms.
Symptoms: Such scales occur on the head.
Control: with powdered sulfur.
6. Eye disease
Causes: bacteria and dust.
Symptoms: wet and watery eyes and hold.
Control: with eye ointment.
7. Mastitis
Cause: milk that came out a little / not able to get out.
Symptoms: nipples harden and heat when held.
Control: with no kids too abrupt weaning.
8. Colds
Causes: viruses.
Symptoms: runny nose and hold.
Control: spray antiseptic on the nose.
9. Pneumonia
Cause: the bacteria Pasteurella multocida.
Symptoms: shortness of breath, bluish eyes and ears.
Control: given a drink Sul-Q-nox.
10. Dysentery
Cause: Eimeira protozoa.
Symptoms: loss of appetite, body thin, enlarged stomach and diarrhea with blood.
Control: sulfaquinxalin dose given to drink 12 ml in 1 liter of water.
11. Pests in rabbits generally are predators of rabbits like a dog. In
general prevention and disease pests control and done with
keep the environment clean cages, feeding an appropriate and
meet the nutrient and the removal as soon as possible diseased cattle.

8. HARVEST
1. Main results
The main outcome was the rabbit meat and fur
2. Additional Results
Additional results of dung for fertilizer
3. Catching
Then to consider how to hold the rabbit should be the correct order
rabbit is not in pain.

9. Harvest
1. Stoving
Rabbit fasting 6-10 hours before cutting to clear the bowel. Giving
drinking remained.
2. Cutting
Cutting can be 3 ways:
1. Preliminary beating, rabbit beaten with a blunt object on the head
and the coma was slaughtered.
2. Collar bone fracture, broken bone with a tug on the neck. This way
less good.
3. Cutting usual, just like other cattle cutting.
3. Barking
Implemented starting from the back foot to the head with a rabbit hanging position
4. Expenditures Offal
Abdominal skin sliced from the navel to the head and viscera such as intestine, heart and paruparu
issued. Should be noted that the bladder should not be broken
as they may affect carcass quality.
5. Carcass Cutting
Rabbit was cut to 8 parts, 2 pcs front legs, rear legs 2 pcs, 2 pcs
the chest and the back of 2 pieces. A good percentage of carcass 49-52%.

10. CULTIVATION OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
1. Cultivation of Business Analysis
Approximate analysis of rabbit farming is based on the number of cattle per 20 tail stem:
1. Production Cost
a. Cages and equipment Rp. 1.000.000, --
b. Seed parent @ USD 20 tails. 30.000, Rp. 600.000, --
c. 3 males tail @ Rp. 20.000, - Rp. 60.000, --
d. Feed
# Vegetable + grass Rp. 1.000.000, --
# Konsetrat (additional feed) USD. 2.000.000, --
e. Drugs Rp. 1.000.000, --
f. Labor 2 x 12 x Rp. 150.000, - Rp. 3.600.000, --
The amount of production costs Rp. 9,260,000, --
2. Revenue
Live births / mother / year = 31 tails
Sales:
a. Seeds: 20 x 15 x Rp. 20.000, - Rp. 6.000.000, --
b. Rabbit pieces 20 x 15 x Rp. 50.000, - Rp. 15.000.000, --
c. Faeces / droppings Rp. 60.000, --
d. Feather Rp. 750.000, --
The amount of income Rp. 21,810,000, --
3. Benefits Rp. 12,550,000, --
4. Business feasibility parameters: - B / C ratio = 2.36
2. Agribusiness Opportunity Preview
Nutrition movement that proclaimed the government mainly derived from
animal protein until now still not being met. Needs of our flesh still
is fulfilled by imports. Rabbits which had the advantage of fast
growing, high meat quality, easy and low maintenance costs
This makes livestock production potential to be developed. Moreover
supported by market demand and price of meat and fur high enough.

PEST AND DISEASE

PEST AND DISEASE

1. Enteritis (Quail enteritis)
Cause: the bacteria that form spores anerobik and attacking the intestines,
pearadangan causing the intestines.
Symptoms: quail seemed listless, eyes closed, hair looks dull, dirt
aqueous and uric acid.
Control: improving governance, maintenance, and
memisashkan healthy quail from an infected.

2. Tetelo (NCD / New Casstle Diseae)
Symptoms: quail difficult breathing, coughing, sneezing, arising grunting,
lethargic, sleepy eyes, wings terkulasi, sometimes bloody, watery stools
green
any specific symptoms "tortikolis" the head is not twisted
uncertainty and paralysis.
Control:
a. environmental hygiene and contaminated equipment viruses,
animal disease vectors tetelo, chickens that died soon
burned / removed;
b. separate the sick chickens, to prevent guests in the area
farms without the clothes disinfect / sterile and
conduct NCD vaccination. Until now there has been no cure.

3. White poop (Pullorum)
Cause: The bacteria Salmonella pullorum and an infectious disease.
Symptoms: white droppings, loss of appetite, shortness of breath, bulubulu
shrunken and feeble wings hanging.
Control: same as tetelo disease control.

4. Dysentery (Coccidiosis)
Symptoms: bloody stools and diarrhea, lack of appetite, terkulasi wing,
dull feathers shivered.
Control:
a. lingkungaan personal hygiene, keep the litter remains dry;
b. with Tetra Capsule Chloine given by mouth; Noxal,
Zuco trident tablets dissolved in water or sulfaqui
moxaline, amprolium, cxaldayocox

5. Fowl pox (Fowl Pox)
Cause: poxviruses, attacking the poultry of all ages and
sexes.
Symptoms: imbulnya-scab scab on the skin that is not hairy, like
gill, foot, mouth and farink that when released will issue
blood.
Control: diphtheria vaccines and isolate the cage or quail
terinfksi.

6. Quail Bronchitis
Cause: Quail bronchitis virus (adenovirus) that is highly
contagious.
Symptoms: quail looked listless, dull hair, trembling, difficult breathing, coughing
and insisted, eyes and nose sometimes mucus and
sometimes the head and neck slightly twisted.
Controlling feeding sanitation nutritious with
adequate.

7. Aspergillosis
Cause: The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.
Symptoms: Quail experiencing breathing problems, eye layer formed
resembles white cheese, drowsiness, decreased appetite.
Control: improving sanitation and the environment surrounding the cage.

8. Wormy
Cause: poor sanitation.
Symptoms: quail looked thin, listless and weak.
Control: keep cleaning cages and feeding the
maintained clean.

DETERMIND THEF SEX OF QUAIL

Determind the sex of quail

In Indonesia, now the development of quail farm is more secure, both as a commercial business or a sideline. The more widespread and increasing development of quail farm is partly the increased awareness
community will need animal protein, and the application of modern technologies of poultry keeping.
Especially for egg production, male quail to be removed, because it can unsettle the female quail. Eggs produced by females will also be fast
damaged and rot because of the embryo. In addition it also added weight because of wasting rations. But in certain conditions, male quail is also very necessary, for example, to produce eggs that can be hatched. Only
needs relatively little. Simply two to three tail for ten females. This is what resulted in the sale price of male quail to be low in the eyes of farmers, especially farmers telur.Hal entrepreneurs can actually be avoided if farmers are able to do the separation
sex (sexing) children quail before maintained. According to Budi Rahayu (1984), determine the sex of quail is not difficult. The easiest way is to look at hair color. This can be determined after the child's 3-week-old quails, because
at this age children are growing quail feathers perfect, especially on Cortunix cortunix japonica (Japanese quail). Differences in male and female Cortunix cortunix japonica is to see chest hair. In the male quail
cover the hair color is red-brown chest (dark brown), without there is a line or black spots. In contrast to the female bird feathers red-brown chest and there is a line or black spots.
Quail also may be distinguished sexes after the age of more than 1.5 months, ie by knowing her. Quail males will crow loudly like a partridge, a female was not. Another characteristic is the weight. Quail females generally have a body weight greater than the male quail. Female quail
adults usually weigh between 110-160 grams and quail adult males weighing between 100-140 grams. Similarly, bottom shape, male quail and big round ass is the smaller females.


Method cloaca

Determination of sex with children quail feather color vision is the most easy and practical. However difficult it must first wait until the 3-week-old quail and growing all the fur. For commercial livestock business practices
is clearly not the same economic and mempertipis profits. This is certainly not desired. That is why the method preferred cloaca entrepreneurs to determine the male-female.
By using the method quail cloaca child can choose and maintain further determined, a day after leaving the hatchery. Moment
new weight quail child reaches 8 grams and a new anus hole 3 millimeters wide. Determination of male-female is to carefully examine the rectum or kloakanya hole. Inspection is actually very simple and easy.
Way, by having the quail using his left hand, with his back facing the examiner and the feet pointing outwards and the subject's head down.
Next buttocks and the backs held by forefinger and thumb, the foot is placed between the middle finger and ring finger, and neck are placed between the ring finger and pinkie.
Thus the child's position in a state menungging quail. In this position, sex determination can do.
First, the child's stomach first sequence towards the anus quail until out feces. Droppings cleaned with a cloth or cotton, then anal opening and groped.
Tactile or examination carried out with a finger to find bumps or folds in the wall of cloaca. If there are no bumps, means that children quail females. But if
There were bumps, the child-sex quail males. Small bumps are in fact also can we see the shape using a magnifying glass and
75-watt lamp lighting. Form a bulge in the male quail in pairs like the heart shape. But unfortunately not everyone can make the determination of sex
with this method, because to become an expert and skilled training necessary repeatedly

HAMA DAN PENYAKIT PUYUH

HAMA DAN PENYAKIT

1. Radang usus (Quail enteritis)
Penyebab: bakteri anerobik yang membentuk spora dan menyerang usus,
sehingga timbul pearadangan pada usus.
Gejala: puyuh tampak lesu, mata tertutup, bulu kelihatan kusam, kotoran
berair dan mengandung asam urat.
Pengendalian: memperbaiki tata laksana pemeliharaan, serta
memisashkan burung puyuh yang sehat dari yang telah terinfeksi.
2. Tetelo (NCD/New Casstle Diseae)
Gejala: puyuh sulit bernafas, batuk-batuk, bersin, timbul bunyi ngorok,
lesu, mata ngantuk, sayap terkulasi, kadang berdarah, tinja encer
kehijauan yang
spesifik adanya gejala “tortikolis”yaitu kepala memutar-mutar tidak
menentu dan lumpuh.
Pengendalian:
a. menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan peralatan yang tercemar virus,
binatang vektor penyakit tetelo, ayam yang mati segera
dibakar/dibuang;
b. pisahkan ayam yang sakit, mencegah tamu masuk areal
peternakan tanpa baju yang mensucihamakan/ steril serta
melakukan vaksinasi NCD. Sampai sekarang belum ada obatnya.

3. Berak putih (Pullorum)
Penyebab: Kuman Salmonella pullorum dan merupakan penyakit menular.
Gejala: kotoran berwarna putih, nafsu makan hilang, sesak nafas, bulubulu
mengerut dan sayap lemah menggantung.
Pengendalian: sama dengan pengendalian penyakit tetelo.

4. Berak darah (Coccidiosis)
Gejala: tinja berdarah dan mencret, nafsu makan kurang, sayap terkulasi,
bulu kusam menggigil kedinginan.
Pengendalian:
a. menjaga kebersihan lingkungaan, menjaga litter tetap kering;
b. dengan Tetra Chloine Capsule diberikan melalui mulut; Noxal,
Trisula Zuco tablet dilarutkan dalam air minum atau sulfaqui
moxaline, amprolium, cxaldayocox

5. Cacar Unggas (Fowl Pox)
Penyebab: Poxvirus, menyerang bangsa unggas dari semua umur dan
jenis kelamin.
Gejala: imbulnya keropeng-keropeng pada kulit yang tidak berbulu, seperti
pial, kaki, mulut dan farink yang apabila dilepaskan akan mengeluarkan
darah.
Pengendalian: vaksin dipteria dan mengisolasi kandang atau puyuh yang
terinfksi.

6. Quail Bronchitis
Penyebab: Quail bronchitis virus (adenovirus) yang bersifat sangat
menular.
Gejala: puyuh kelihatan lesu, bulu kusam, gemetar, sulit bernafas, batuk
dan bersi, mata dan hidung kadang-kadang mengeluarkan lendir serta
kadangkala kepala dan leher agak terpuntir.
Pengendalian: pemberian pakan yang bergizi dengan sanitasi yang
memadai.

7. Aspergillosis
Penyebab: cendawan Aspergillus fumigatus.
Gejala: Puyuh mengalami gangguan pernafasan, mata terbentuk lapisan
putih menyerupai keju, mengantuk, nafsu makan berkurang.
Pengendalian: memperbaiki sanitasi kandang dan lingkungan sekitarnya.

8. Cacingan
Penyebab: sanitasi yang buruk.
Gejala: puyuh tampak kurus, lesu dan lemah.
Pengendalian: menjaga kebersihan kandang dan pemberian pakan yang
terjaga kebersihannya.

menentukan jenis kelamin puyuh

Menentukan Jenis Kelamin Puyuh

Di Indonesia, kini perkembangan ternak puyuh sudah semakin mantap, baik sebagai usaha komersial maupun usaha sampingan. Semakin meluas dan meningkatnya perkembangan peternakan puyuh antara lain disebabkan meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan kebutuhan protein hewani, serta diterapkannya teknologi moderen tentang pemeliharaan unggas. Khusus untuk usaha produksi telur, puyuh jantan harus disingkirkan, karena dapat mengganggu ketenangan puyuh betina. Telur-telur yang dihasilkan betina juga akan cepat rusak dan membusuk karena adanya embrio. Di samping itu juga menambah beban karena memboroskan ransum. Tetapi dalam kondisi tertentu, puyuh jantan juga sangat diperlukan, misalnya untuk menghasilkan telur yang bisa ditetaskan. Hanya saja keperluannya relatif sedikit. Cukup dua sampai tiga ekor untuk sepuluh betina. Inilah yang mengakibatkan nilai jual puyuh jantan menjadi rendah di mata peternak, khususnya peternak pengusaha telur.Hal ini sebenarnya bisa dihindari bila peternak mampu melakukan pemisahan jenis kelamin (sexing) anak puyuh sebelum dipelihara. Menurut Budi Rahayu (1984), menentukan jenis kelamin puyuh tidaklah sulit. Cara yang paling mudah adalah dengan melihat warna bulu. Hal ini bisa ditentukan setelah anak puyuh berumur 3 minggu, sebab pada usia inilah anak-anak puyuh bulunya sudah tumbuh sempurna, terutama pada Cortunix cortunix japonica (puyuh asal Jepang). Perbedaan jantan dan betina pada Cortunix cortunix japonica adalah dengan melihat bulu dada. Pada burung puyuh jantan warna bulu penutup bagian dada adalah merah coklat (sawo matang), tanpa terdapat garis atau bercak-bercak hitam. Sebaliknya pada burung betina bulu dadanya merah coklat dan terdapat garis atau bercak-bercak hitam.

Puyuh juga dapat dibedakan jenis kelaminnya setelah berumur lebih dari 1,5 bulan, yakni dengan mengenal suaranya. Puyuh jantan akan berkokok nyaring seperti ayam hutan, sedang betina tidak. Ciri lainnya adalah bobot badan. Umumnya puyuh betina memiliki bobot badan yang lebih besar dibandingkan puyuh jantan. Puyuh betina dewasa biasanya memiliki bobot antara 110-160 gram dan puyuh jantan dewasa berbobot antara 100-140 gram. Begitu pula bentuk pantatnya, puyuh jantan pantatnya bulat dan besar sedang si betina lebih kecil.

Metode kloaka

Penentuan kelamin anak puyuh dengan melihat warna bulu memang paling mudah dan praktis. Tetapi susahnya harus menunggu terlebih dulu sampai puyuh berumur 3 minggu dan tumbuh semua bulunya. Bagi pengusaha ternak komersial praktek serupa ini jelas tidak ekonomis dan mempertipis keuntungan. Hal ini pasti tidak dikehendaki. Itulah sebabnya mengapa metode kloaka lebih disukai para pengusaha untuk menentukan jantan-betinanya. Dengan menggunakan metode kloaka anak puyuh sudah bisa dipilih dan ditentukan pemeliharaannya lebih lanjut, sehari setelah keluar dari penetasan. Saat itu anak puyuh beratnya baru mencapai 8 gram dan lubang duburnya baru selebar 3 milimeter. Penentuan jantan-betina adalah dengan meneliti secara seksama bagian lubang dubur atau kloakanya. Pemeriksaan tersebut sebenarnya sangat sederhana dan mudah. Caranya, dengan memegang anak puyuh memakai tangan kiri, dengan punggung menghadap si pemeriksa lalu kaki mengarah keluar serta kepala tunduk kebawah. Selanjutnya pantat dan punggung dipegang dengan telunjuk dan ibu jari, kaki diletakkan antara jari tengah dan jari manis, serta leher diletakkan antara jari manis dan kelingking. Dengan demikian posisi anak puyuh dalam keadaan menungging. Pada posisi seperti inilah penentuan jenis kelamin bisa kita lakukan. Pertama, urut dahulu perut anak puyuh ke arah dubur sampai keluar kotorannya. Kotoran dibersihkan dengan kain atau kapas, selanjutnya dubur dibuka dan diraba-raba. Perabaan atau pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan jari sampai ditemukan tonjolan atau lipatan pada dinding kloaka. Kalau tidak ada tonjolan, berati itu anak puyuh betina. Tapi kalau terasa ada tonjolan, anak puyuh tersebut berjenis kelamin jantan. Tonjolan kecil tersebut sebenarnya juga dapat kita saksikan bentuknya menggunakan kaca pembesar dan penerangan lampu 75 watt. Bentuk tonjolan pada puyuh berkelamin jantan mirip seperti bentuk jantung. Tetapi sayangnya tak semua orang bisa melakukan penentuan kelamin dengan metode ini, karena untuk menjadi ahli dan terampil diperlukan latihan berulang kali.

PEMELIHARAAN PUYUH

Pemeliharaan puyuh

1. Sanitasi dan Tindakan Preventif
Untuk menjaga timbulnya penyakit pada pemeliharaan puyuh
kebersihan lingkungan kandang dan vaksinasi terhadap puyuh
perlu dilakukan sedini
mungkin.
2. Pengontrolan Penyakit
Pengontrolan penyakit dilakukan setiap saat dan apabila ada
tanda-tanda yang kurang sehat terhadap puyuh harus segera
dilakukan pengobatan sesuai dengan petunjuk dokter hewan atau
dinas peternakan setempat atau petunjuk dari Poultry Shoup.
3. Pemberian Pakan
Ransum (pakan) yang dapat diberikan untuk puyuh terdiri dari
beberapa bentuk, yaitu: bentuk pallet, remah-remah dan tepung.
Karena puyuh yang suka usil memtuk temannya akan mempunyai
kesibukan dengan mematuk-matuk pakannya. Pemberian ransum
puyuh anakan diberikan 2 (dua) kali sehari pagi dan siang.
Sedangkan puyuh remaja/dewasa diberikan ransum hanya satu
kali sehari yaitu di pagi hari. Untuk pemberian minum pada anak
puyuh pada bibitan terus-menerus.
4. Pemberian Vaksinasi dan Obat
Pada umur 4-7 hari puyuh di vaksinasi dengan dosis separo dari
dosis untuk ayam. Vaksin dapat diberikan melalui tetes mata (intra
okuler) atau air minum (peroral). Pemberian obat segera dilakukan
apabila puyuh terlihat gejala-gejala sakit dengan meminta bantuan
petunjuk dari PPL setempat ataupun dari toko peternakan (Poultry
Shoup), yang ada di dekat Anda beternak puyuh

TERNAK PUYUH

A. PUYUH

puyuh merupakan salah satu jenis dr famili phasianidae dgn panjang rata-rata 7 inci. Bangsa puyuh bobwhite (colinus virginianus) di amerika utara sering disebutsebaga quail. tetapi di amerika selatandi sebut dgn partridge. Semua puyuh berukuran pendek, gemuk, bulat dgn kaki-kaki yang kuat, dan bulunyatertutup oleh waena cokelat bercak-bercak putihhitam. Puyuh mempunyai sifat berjalan cepat, kadang-kadang dapat terbang jika terganggu.Puyuh mempunyai kemampuanhidup bersosial dengan baik.

Ciri-ciri puyuh sebagai berikut.

- jenis burung yang tidak bisa terbang, kecuali dalam keadaan terancam.

- Ukuran tubuh relatif kecil.

- Berkaki pendek dan dapat di adu.

- Produksi telurnya tinggi (200-300 butir/tahun).

- Berat telurnya sekitar 10 g.

- Berat puyuh dewasa sekitar 140 g.

1. Bangsa Puyuh

bangsa puyuh di indonesia sebagai berikut.

a. Bob While, berasal dari Amerika serikat dan dapat dipelihara selama 6-16 minggu.

b. Contrunix Japonica, berasal dari jepang dengan masa pemeliharaanselama 6 minggu.

c. Cross Breed, masa pemeliharaan selama 6 minngu.

Bangsa puyuh yang ada sekarang berasal dari bangsa burung liar atau quail, burung liar yang pertama di ternakkan di amerika dan terus ber kembang di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia, burung puyuh mulai di ternakkan pada akhir tahun 1979.

indukan puyuh petelur untuk konsumsi

Indukan Puyuh petelur yang telurnya akan di tetaskan menjadi bibit petelur

2. Pemeliharaan Bibit

Pemeliharaan untuk calon bakalan burung puyuh disesuaikan dengan tujuan untuk produksi telur atau produksi daging. Cara pemeliharaan bakalan sama dengan pemeliharaan pada ayam atau itik, yaitu dipilih berdasarkan kemampuan induknya. Parameter yang dilihat yaitu kemampuan produksi, kemampuan untuk tumbuh, serta penampilan eksterior. Penampilan eksterior dilihat dari masing2 individu dengan indikasi sehat, tidak cacat, dan lincah.

Ciri bakalan puyuh yang sehat dan siap di besarkan

Bakalan puyuh yang di kandangkan dalam suhu 20-25 drajat celcius

3. Perkandangan

kandang yang banyak digunakan dalam pemeliharaan puyuh yaitu, kandang sistem liter dan sistem sangkar (kandang berantai). Letak kandang diatur sedemikian rupa sehingga kandang cukup mendapatkan sinar matahari. Suhu dan kelembapan kandang perlu di perhatikan. Suhu yang ideal untuk pertumbuhan puyuh yaitu 20-25 drajat celcius.

Kandang puyuh umur 1-7 hari

Perlengkapan kandang dan peralatan yang di butuhkan berupa wadah pakan, wadah minum, dan tempat telur. Kandang starter / bakalan puyuh (1-3 minggu) perlu di lengkapi dengan pemanas / lampu (brooder).

Kandang puyuh dewasa di lengkapi dengan tempat makan, minum, dan telur

4. Pemeliharaan

Pertimbangan untuk memelihara puyuh di dasarkan pada modal yg di gunakan relatif kecil,

dapat di pelihara dalam lingkungan rumah tangga. waktu pemeliharaan pendek (6 minggu

panen), Puyuh relatif tahan terhadap serangan penyakit, serta produksi daging dan telurnya

tinggi.

Pemeliharaan puyuh di bagi dala 3 periode pemeliharaan:

- periode starter : yaitu periode masa umur 1-3 minggu

- periode grower : yaitu periode masa pertumbuhan antara 3-6 minggu.

- periode layer : yaitu periode masa puyuh sudah berproduksi dengan maksimal sampai

apkir.

5. Pemberian Pakan dan minum

Pakan puyuh terdiri dari beberapa bentuk, yaitu pelet, remah-remah, dan tepung

(br1, br2, br3). pemberian pakan dan minum dapat dilakukan 2 kali sehari (pagi dan sore)

jumlah konsumsi pakan pada puyuh dewasa 20 g/ekor. Kandungan protein pada pakan

puyh umur 0-3 minggu sebanyak 24-28% ( br1), umur 3-7 minggu sebanyak 20% (br2),

umur 7 minggu sampai apkir sebanyak 24% (br3) dan puyuh siap panen. dengan kandungan

energi metabolisme 2.900 kkal/kg.